Machiavelli and Renaissance Humanism Essay Example For Students

Machiavelli and Renaissance Humanism Essay Machiavelli Renaissance Humanism is characterized as an abstract and phonetic development an endeavor to restore old style Latin (and later Greek), just as the qualities and sensibilities that accompanied the language (Hunt et al, 415). I believe that Machiavelli was a humanist of his time in light of the fact that in his composing The Prince, he depended on history to give a handbook to future rulers and rulers. Machiavelli drew quite a bit of this manual from his past dealings with legislators and their self-driven governments. As I would like to think he repetition this manual for as an approach to show future sovereigns that the methods of the past ought to be clung to with the end goal for Italy to recover its earlier magnificence. In The Prince Machiavelli utilizes numerous models from history to show that we have to grasp the past so as to increase a prosperous future. Ambitious, The Prince fills in as a handbook to future rulers with their jobs and duties. Machiavelli starts his handbook with his perspective on august excellencies. He contends that all together for an individual to be a decent pioneer and remain in rule he should be a decent individual as well as that he should figure out how to not be DOD (Law et al, 1951) so as to shield himself from anybody attempting to overwhelm his standard. He should consistently be readied and not make himself the hero constantly. Machiavelli shows that being a decent individual the entirety of the time will just take into account the terrible individuals to overwhelm the great individuals, since any individual who decides to act in all conditions the piece of a decent man must come to destroy among such a significant number of who are bad (Law et al, 1951). Machiavelli proceeds to promote his humanistic perspectives on how a sovereign ought to be seen by his kin. He talks about the decisions an individual of intensity has in being liberal (1952) and liberal or closefisted. He proceeds to state that being too liberal will carry a man of capacity to destroy and that being economical is significant. He clarifies that up to a ruler keeps away from the property of his residents and subjects he will pick up the regard of his kin. He proceeds to talk about that a ruler will be increasingly regarded in the event that he is living and going through different people groups cash. He talks about the models set by Cyrus, Caesar, and Alexander in which they lived off loot, plunder and payment (1953). These three rulers were going through the cash of others (1953) and hence were not harming themselves by spending what was at that point theirs. Machiavelli proceeds to clarify that nothing gobbles itself up as quick as does generosity (1953) on the grounds that when drilled it can prompt neediness and will cause a ruler to need to bring charges which will up in turn welcome disdain on by his kin (1953). Machiavelli likewise examines the significance of being dreaded and adored just as, being thought of as brutal yet merciful all simultaneously. He utilizes Dido and Barrio as models. Barrio is utilized as the model for remorselessness. He says that since Barrio was so remorseless his pitilessness carried success and solidarity to Roman and subsequently was prosperous as a result of the dread that he ingrained in his kin. But since his Senate was too caring he lost his clout (1954). Machiavelli likewise clarifies that another sovereign is going to confront a few difficulties and in view of this will be looked to settle on hard choices that might hurt his notoriety among his kin. Here he utilizes Virgins Dido for instance, Hard conditions and the novelty of my domain constrain me to do such things, and to oversee all my they should be adaptable and show brutality or empathy when required in any circumstance. Machiavelli proceeds to express that a sovereign ought to be delayed in accepting and acting, and should make nobody terrified of him O that an excess of certainty doesn't make him rash, and a lot of doubt doesn't make him excruciating (1954). This is the best approach to keep support from his kin and won't betray him when difficult situations arise. Renaissance Humanism is characterized as a scholarly and semantic development an endeavor to resuscitate traditional Latin (and later Greek), just as the qualities and sensibilities that accompanied the language (Hunt et al, 415). .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926 , .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926 .postImageUrl , .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926 , .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926:hover , .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926:visited , .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926:active { border:0!important; } .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926:active , .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926:hover { haziness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-adornment: underline; } .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u93a0ba5679e13e 09b0f89de72394e926 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u93a0ba5679e13e09b0f89de72394e926:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Renaissance In The History Of Art Essay Research PaperMachiavellian The Prince was basically a handbook for how a Prince ought to depict himself however could likewise be viewed as an everyday handbook by the ordinary individuals of his time for they were completely confronted with a similar good choices regularly. Machiavelli utilized The Prince as a passage to make a good and philosophical guide for all individuals in mineral and utilizations models from history to demonstrate that the past should be grasped so as to increase a prosperous future. Works Cited: Law, Thaliana, Patterson, James, Spaces, (2006). The Norton Anthology of Western Literature. Sarah Law. Eighth Edition, Volume 1 . New York/London. W. W. Norton Company. 1945-1961. Print. Chase, L. , Martin, T. , Rosenstein, B. , Smith, B. , (2010). The Making of the West Peoples and Cultures A Concise History. Third Edition, Boston. Bedford/SST. Martins. 415-418. Print.

Meaning of Liberty

Since the vast majority of the American modern specialists along with their supporters were from remote nations, they comprehended freedom as being able to live and work in an outside nation under positive working and everyday environments. This disposition was charmed on them when they originally chose to go to the place where there is fresh new chances to look for greener pastures.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Meaning of Liberty explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper expects to demonstrate that the assurance to win a battle for acknowledgment of their privileges by abused people must be pushed to specific degrees and that they will put forth an admirable attempt to guarantee that they get heard. The laborers believed that the way that they were outsiders didn't entitle the proprietors of the manufacturing plants that they worked in to abuse them. The general accord among them was that they were prepared to work for the lowest pay pe rmitted by law as long as the conditions were great. By exploiting the outside laborers, the plants were rounding up enormous benefits to the detriment of their representatives. Freedom, as indicated by them, would be named accepting plentiful compensation for the administrations they advertised. For this situation, the administration alludes to work. Remuneration that was offered by their representatives should have been proportionate with the hours they filled in just as the monetary conditions at that point. The mechanical specialists in America likewise saw the idea of freedom as having the option to impart or deliver their burdens to the business visionaries of the organization they worked for and really get them illuminated. To the American mechanical laborers, freedom likewise implied having the option to make their essence felt without the utilization of power. The capacity to deliver issues that concerned infringement of their privileges first as individuals and afterward a s laborers, without causing disorder was major to the achievement of their motivation. Another reality that clarified the laborers understanding of freedom was the matter of kid work. At the point when Bill Haywood delivered his discourse at the normal in Lawrence, he noticed the enormous number of adolescents who were a piece of the strike and didn't yield in voicing his supposition. He cried that the adolescents should be in school as opposed to â€Å"slaving away† in the processing plants. This was a real worry that uncovered the dealings of the factories. The utilization of adolescents in the manufacturing plants was over the top and was an immediate infringement of their privileges. The reason calls for compassion since, in an unassuming way, the laborers were endeavoring to pass on their complaints utilizing the important channels but all they met with was obstruction. They experienced innumerable obstacles as they continued looking for equity. The legislature just as t he plant proprietors set up barricades that were planned for pounding the strike. This makes it simple to relate to the laborers and their requests which were met with hostility.Advertising Looking for paper on history? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The factory proprietors and the administration ruled out arrangements. They had a simple disposition that just figured out how to bring the entire organization into disfavor. Their protests depended on realities that they brought up which demonstrated that the organization was not ready to bear its duties. With the recommendations for the decrease of the working hours that were fronted by the administration authorities, came the execution of the plan. The organizations embraced the designs to lessen the hours and as needs be diminished the wages that the laborers were acquiring. This was not reasonable since they were at that point being paid low wages and any further decrease s would bring about the effectively poor conditions that they lived in, compounding to the point of being agonizing for them just as their youngsters. It is anything but difficult to relate to the reason for the striking specialists since they had attempted to advance their issues to the President of the American Woolen Company but then he had not in any case stately their interests by declining to give them an answer. It is straightforward and grasp the striking specialists cause. This is on the grounds that it is for all intents and purposes difficult to extend ones assets to the extent they were required to expand theirs. With the improvements in the cotton business achieved by the beginning of the new two-loom frameworks in the processing plants, disastrous outcomes were fast approaching. An extreme droop in the wages just as the extraordinary conservation projects and excess portrayed a reasonable catastrophe waiting to happen. Another test was the way that Lawrence was the mos t costly spot to live in contrasted with some other locale in New England. This didn't support the laborers who were humble paid. The expectations for everyday comforts of the locales were high but the conditions under which the individuals lived were despicable. In certain quarters, they were named as â€Å"superfluously perilous†. Besides, so as to enhance their salary, it turned out to be to some degree compulsory for the occupants of Lawrence who worked in the cotton factories to suit or lease portions of their homesteads to paying visitors. This was in an offered to supplement their lease because of the extravagant rates they were being charged. Their justification for striking were reasonable in light of the fact that, as much as they attempted to maintain a strategic distance from fierce showdowns with the specialists, the assignment appeared to be unimaginable. Every one of the pioneers who attempted to mediate for their sake was captured and summoned in court. This s hows the specialists were not ready to haggle with them.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Meaning of Liberty explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The general accord was that the untalented workers couldn't arrange themselves once their pioneers were charged in an official courtroom and tossed into prison. This thought was lost as it was intended to smother the requests just as the privileges of the laborers. The method of activity that the specialists used to capture the pioneers additionally leaves a great deal to be wanted. By utilizing strategies, for example, murder which they later accused on the pioneers and consequently captured them, the administration, through the police, just earned unsavoriness from assorted quarters. This is on the grounds that there was proof in a large portion of the cases that the charged were not even close to the scenes where the violations were submitted. Combined with the sketchy legal strategies used to sift t hrough the cases, it is anything but difficult to perceive any reason why anybody would identify with the laborers cause. By controlling the framework to suit their requirements, the cotton business magnates and the profoundly positioned government authorities (who either had interests in the cotton business or profited exceptionally from profound attached defilement that extended to the higher echelons of the system) merited no sympathy. This can be expounded more by the captures that were made when the laborers went picketing at the entryways of two factories. They were drenched with water that was taken shots at them from the circumscribing tops of the factories. At the point when they tossed back chunks of ice, 36 individuals were captured and charged in court. The 36 people were thusly and hurriedly imprisoned by a preferential appointed authority who after seeing them as blameworthy, expressed that â€Å"the just way we can instruct them is to bargain out the severest sentenc es† (Watson 2006). The manufacturing plant business people demonstrated no compassion to the youngsters they utilized. These youths had to work in the factories because of the reduced financial places of their watchmen and guardians and hence the plants merited all that they got. The reason for the laborers is additionally charming to numerous individuals because of the way that, at the stature of the strike, they saw it fit to send their youngsters away to more secure locales because of the rising instances of extra-legal killings which were being completed by different branches of the legislature. At the point when the administration felt free to prevent a gathering of youngsters from leaving the area at the railroad station refering to instances of people affecting others to strike, (while the real explanation was the consideration that it was causing) they uncovered their clouded side. It is contacting to find out about how the cops were arranged at the station and got the youths from the hands of their minders who were then captured and taken to court.Advertising Searching for paper on history? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More It warms the heart to realize that the guardians were happy to send their kids away with the goal that they would be protected and return simply after the strike finished. Nonetheless, the way that the organization sifted through the issue was not charming. They figured out how to ruin a decent arrangement that was to deal with the youthful and guiltless youngsters who took no part in the strike. The laborers who picketed in Lawrence were really defended in their motivation and will keep on getting compassion from all quarters. Reference Watson, Bruce. Bread and Roses: Mills, Migrants, and the Struggle for the American Dream. London: Penguin Books, 2006. This article on Meaning of Liberty was composed and put together by client Kade R. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; notwithstanding, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Diabetes and Eating Disorders What Is Diabulimia

Diabetes and Eating Disorders What Is Diabulimia Eating Disorders Diagnosis Print Diabetes and Eating Disorders By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 31, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 14, 2019 Maskot/Getty Images   More in Eating Disorders Diagnosis Symptoms Treatment Awareness and Prevention In This Article Table of Contents Expand Diabetes Diabulimia The Link Signs Consequences Treatment A Word From Verywell View All Back To Top Research suggests that women with Type 1 diabetes are 2.4 times more likely than women without diabetes to develop an eating disorder, and 1.9 times more likely to develop subthreshold eating disorders. If a person with diabetes has an eating disorder or misuses insulin to lose weight, the condition is often called diabulimia. Diabetes Diabetes is a disease that occurs when one’s blood glucose is too high as a result of problems with the hormone insulin. When food is eaten, the body converts it into glucose that enters the bloodstream. Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that helps turn glucose into energy that can be used by the body’s cells. Without a properly functioning insulin system, the body cannot break down glucose. It stays in the bloodstream and can be very dangerous. Type 1 Diabetes There are two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes was previously called “juvenile diabetes,” because it was most often diagnosed in childhoodâ€"however, it can develop at any age. If you have Type 1 diabetes, your immune system attacks and destroys the cells in your pancreas that make insulin, so your body does not generate any. You must, therefore, take insulin daily in order to process your food properly and reduce your blood glucose levels. Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes was previously referred to as “adult-onset diabetes” because it occurred mostly in adults. Today, it is increasingly being diagnosed in younger people and has become the most common form of diabetes. In Type 2 diabetes, the body continues to make insulin, but it develops insulin resistance and is incapable of using it properly. Type 2 diabetes is initially treated with lifestyle changes and oral medicationsâ€"eventually, these individuals often have to take insulin as well. Diabulimia Deliberately not taking or misusing insulin to cause weight loss is a unique purging behavior that is available to individuals with Type 1 diabetes. This can be accomplished by decreasing the prescribed dose of insulin, omitting the insulin entirely, delaying the appropriate dose, or manipulating the insulin itself to render it inactive. This manipulation of insulin among people with Type 1 diabetes is a condition that is sometimes referred to as “diabulimia.” In medical terms, it’s referred to as ED-DMT1. In the  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition  (DSM-5), the criteria for compensatory behaviors for bulimia nervosa include “misuse of medications,” which means that if binge eating is present, this type of eating disorder can be diagnosed as bulimia nervosa. Diabulimia is sometimes also used to refer to any combination of diabetes plus eating disorder. Some people with diabetes may continue taking their insulin appropriately, but may still experience symptoms of an eating disorder such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder. Symptomatic behaviors may include dieting, fasting, binge-eating, and a range of compensatory and purging behaviors that can directly interfere with optimal diabetes management. A recent study by Gagnon and colleagues found that close to half of all people with diabetes report having disturbed eating. However, among the majority of these, criteria for a formal DSM-5 eating disorder are not met. The most frequent ED diagnoses found in people with diabetes were binge eating disorder (BED) (10 percent  of people with Type 1 and 21 percent of people with Type 2) and bulimia nervosa (3 percent of both Type 1 and Type 2). The Link We don’t know exactly why people with diabetes have higher rates of eating disorders and disordered eating, but we have some theories. For one thing, diabetes is strongly associated with a number of the risk factors for eating disorders, including depression. Another cause may be the weight gain pattern of diabetes. At the time of diagnosis, people have often lost a significant amount of weight. The introduction of insulin may result in rapid weight gain, which can cause distress and heighten temptation to manipulate insulin in people who are genetically vulnerable. Another issue is behavioral. The intense attention to food portions and nutritional information taught as part of traditional diabetes management, which is similar in some ways to an eating disorder mindset, may put patients at greater risk for restriction and binge eating. Signs Unfortunately, many professionals who treat people with diabetes may not recognize eating disorders among their patient population. How can these be detected? The most obvious sign of an eating disorder in someone with diabetes is weight loss. Another common sign is poor blood-glucose controlâ€"as measured by elevated A1c levelsâ€"particularly if the person has a prior history of good control. Professionals may also want to be attuned to the classic symptoms of diabetes (e.g., excessive urination, extreme thirst, constant hunger, fatigue) and common symptoms of eating disorders (e. g., heightened concerns about shape and weight, excessive exercise, dietary restriction, and skipping meals). Consequences Patients with Type 1 diabetes and disordered eating are generally in poorer control of their diabetes and therefore are at greater risk for the entire range of life-threatening diabetes complications. The most serious short-term complication is diabetic ketoacidosisâ€"a buildup of ketones that occurs when the body cant utilize glucose. It causes the blood to become acidicâ€"which is a medical emergency. Other potential consequences include kidney failure, nerve damage, damage to the retina, loss of vision, heart disease, stroke, and coma. Patients with diabetes and eating disorders also have increased rates of hospital and emergency room visits and higher mortality rates. Treatment Providers who encounter diabetes on a regular basis should be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of eating disorders, but they may not. Few studies have examined specific treatment interventions for patients with diabetes and eating disorders. The treatment of these two conditions requires a specialized and coordinated team approach. Some patients may need medical or psychiatric hospitalization until they are stable enough for outpatient treatment. Outpatient teams should include a psychotherapist, a dietitian, and an endocrinologist, at a minimum, and team members should communicate frequently. Laboratory tests should be monitored frequently. Regular and flexible eating patterns must be established because dietary restriction can trigger binge eating. Patients are commonly asked to keep food records and can also track their blood sugar levels in order to best manage their diabetes. There are several organizations that help patients with diabetes and eating disorders, including the Diabulimia Helpline,    Diabetics with Eating Disorders, and We are Diabetes. A Word From Verywell People with diabetes and eating disorders may be ashamed and reluctant to seek help. However, the consequences of these combined disorders can be dire. If you or a loved one is experiencing disordered eating and diabetes and especially if there is insulin manipulation, please reach out for help.

The Transition From High School Into College Essay

The transition from high school into college is undoubtedly a very important time in the lives of many young people. It is a huge step, and a huge change. There are some who cling to their fading high-school life, reluctant to let go and move on. Many of my friends would fall under this category. Some of them seem more prepared for the increasingly near future than others, and they will have varying degrees of success in beginning their college experience, be it near home or hours away. But Natalie is different than they are. Rather than getting caught up in the sentimentality of it all, she is embracing the looming future with open arms. Natalie Rogers is ready to move on. She is an 18-year-old senior at Coleman High School, and she feels absolutely prepared to move into the next stage of her life. This puts her in the national minority. According to a country-wide survey, 45% of high school seniors feel prepared for college and a career. She’s not alone, however, in looking forward to the freedom and independence generally associated with college life. â€Å"I’m really excited that I get to be on my own, make a lot of my own decisions, and kind of learn how to be independent. Because I haven’t gotten a lot of that†. One thing that has become apparent to me is the value that Natalie places on independence. However, in certain situations, she does consider herself to be dependent on others, sometimes very much so. I asked her if she considered herself to be an independentShow MoreRelatedThe Transition From High School Into College897 Words   |  4 Pages The transition from high school into college can be one that many students can struggle with. There are so many things that have to be adjusted to that things can seem overwhelming at times. This is something that those who choose to go to college have to go through though. One of the big things that students find difficult is the ability to adjust to the style of writing that is required in this higher level of education. They are accustomed to the typical format of shallow writing that is satisfactoryRead MoreCurrent Levels Of Academic Achievement And Functional Performance926 Words   |  4 Pages Transition Plan Student Name: Projected Date of Graduation: Date of Transition Plan: Participants in the Plan: A) Current Levels of Academic Achievement and Functional Performance: 1. Strengths of Student: Jayland is a high school student who is bright, talkative and personable. Jayland excels in Science winning the science fair on his project on rocks. Jayland got A’s while taking online course work as he finds it easy to use the computer. Jayland is in an AP science class and honors EnglishRead MoreTransition Interview : Susan Nixon, The Coordinator Of Learning And Programming At Old Dominion University Essay781 Words   |  4 Pages Transition Interview For my transition interview I interviewed Susan Nixon, who is the coordinator of learning and programming at Old Dominion University. Her job entails helping students with disabilities transition from high school to college. When students with disabilities are in high school they have an IEP or 504 to help them. However, when they come to college they no longer have an IEP, they become protected under the Americans with Disabilities Act. During my interview with Ms. NixonRead MoreCollege Graduation Speech Outline1497 Words   |  6 PagesI. INTRODUCTION A. How many years have you been in school? How many of you ever thought that once I enter college that I will have a lot of freedom? Have you ever considered how much your life will change once you enter college? B. Many of you upcoming freshman probably think that college is the same school except you have more freedom, especially now that you are consider as an adult but your whole life changes completely from how you behave in front of people, or whom you talk to, butRead MoreCollege Education : High School College886 Words   |  4 Pagesthe freshman myth is high school seniors that get affected by the transition from college life. They are overly optimistic and confident in their ability to manage the challenges they will encounter in college. This freshman myth being blamed on by high school because in high school there is no help preparing students for the transition from high school to college, giving future students high expectation on academic, social and personal experiences for when entering college. But this becomes a dominoRead MoreTransitions Of Career Development And Transition Programs836 Words   |  4 PagesTransitions occur throughout life and there are numerous tran sitions students face within the school setting. Since school counselors support students in academic, career and college, and social and personal development, school counselors are in key positions to provide students with opportunities, equity, and access to programs that support smooth transitions and college and career readiness (Erford, 2015). Career development and transition programs are important because they support they can provideRead MoreCollege Dropouts Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesMany high school students succeed with a little leniency through their four years. The transfer from high school to college becomes overwhelming and a struggle for some. For students do not comprehend the importance of changing more than their location during the transition. A student must be psychologically, physically, and emotionally mature to pursue college and not venture into a point of no return. Dropping out of college makes the outlook of the conversion difficult to acquire. Indiv idualsRead MoreThe Little Things Count : College Versus High School1083 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the little things count: college versus high school When you change from the world being a reliant teenager to an young adult you go through a series of life transitions and educational stages. Society marks the educational jump from being a teenager to an adult in a stereotypical way, you are expected to go from high school to college. While attending high school it is the goal of those teachers to prepare you for this aperture into the unknown. Learning important lessons like getRead MoreStruggles with Stages of Development and Transition Points and How It Affects Identity1674 Words   |  7 PagesStruggles with Stages of Development and Transition Points and How It Affects Identity There are many developmental milestone events and transition points that help form the identity of an individual. As one transitions from milestone to another, they are not necessarily losing or gaining anything, but are adapting to their new stage in life (Bjorklund, 2011). These transitions can affect other domains of human development including: physical changes, cognitive changes, personality or identity, socialRead MoreThe Transition Times. Graduation Is One Example Of A Time1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe Transition Times Graduation is one example of a time of celebration and honor. It is the reward you receive for multiple years of difficult work and perseverance. It is also an extremely bittersweet occasion because often times you are required to make difficult decisions. Decisions that could take you away from everyone and everything you have ever known. This is known as a time of transition. Honestly, it seems a bit anticlimactic that after all the emotions and preparation you do beforehand

Discovery The Tempest - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 621 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2018/12/18 Category Literature Essay Type Speech Level High school Tags: Character Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? Discovery is an aspect of revealing what is not known. In William Shakespeares play, The Tempest play introduces us to unfailing phases of events that were experienced in the play. The events that have happened over the generation is being realized by the new generation concerning what happened in the when sailing back to Italy. The entire family had attended a wedding at Tunis Africa. Claribel, daughter of Alonso, was married to the prince of Tunis. A strong storm and lightning hit the ship causing the ship to sink. Those who survived the boat capsize were kidnapped on an island with each person splitting in his or her direction. The family reunites again, but Ariel magically appears in spirit form. It introduces us to the original background to the discovery by the new generation. Miranda represents the new generation. Her father Prospero is explaining to her of what had happened in the sea about twelve years ago. He narrates to her daughter the encounter in the sea t hat led to the wrecking of the ship they were looking at while offshore. He explains to her how she used the magic books skills to escape from the boat. However, they arrived at the island safely where both survived over the decade. Miranda realizes the tragic accident they faced while sailing in the sea. The narrations she is told also helps her discover that her father was indeed the Duke of Milan ship which her uncle, Antonio had overthrown his father with his friend Alonso the king of Naples. It was on these grounds that enmity between his father and his brother developed after they even imprisoned him. When they met after twelve years, Prospero is still angry that he rethinks of revenge due to the bitterness of what they did to me. Ferdinand, Alonsos son whom they thought had died to meet with Prospero and Miranda. Miranda has affection to Ferdinand as the third man he has ever met. Dad does not want an instance where the two, Miranda and Ferdinand will be close and thus the punishes him by assigning him to a hard job in the woods. Ferdinand finds its worthy as it will create a smooth channel to meet Miranda. His dad discovers that the two are in life and Miranda even proposes to Ferdinand for a hand in marriage, which he agrees. His dad capability to appear in spirit exposed them even when the two were experiencing the sweet moment when exchanging kind words, which Prospero liked. He welcomes Ferdinand as the husband to be to his daughter Miranda and arrange for a wedding meeting. The discovery context has also revealed at the last part of the play. After the big storm and the lightning that stroke the ship in the wreckage, the entire group of people was separated into several categories. They stayed isolated on the island for twelve years. They reunite after Mirandas father used the force of nature, the Ariel spirit to search and re-combine the entire group as one. It is at this last part of the wedding that Alonso discovers that his presumed d ead son, Ferdinand, had not indeed died but he miraculously survived. They two met, and all are happy again. The playwright, William Shakespeare in his play has indeed plotted it so so well. The incidence has unfolded consequentially to bring the flow of ideas and events in his entire game. This attribute has been attested by how the play, The Tempest has been ordered. Themes intended to be captured by the writer has come out so nicely. One event of activities helps to discover another activity. Personally, I recommend the play as it is one of the Shakespeares best games. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Discovery The Tempest" essay for you Create order

Perceptions of Bartolome de Las Casas Free Essays

string(56) " discuss the principles and ideals that he believed in\." Perce The Contributions and Perceptions of Bartolome de Las Casas After reading Carlos Fuentes’ book, â€Å"The Buried Mirror: Reflections on Spain and the New World†, he devoted a section to Bartolome de Las Casas which allowed the reader to capture his unique perspective (32-38). In the introductory text before the reading of â€Å"The Brief History of the Destruction of the Indies† (as read in class), Bartolome de Las Casas is viewed as a devoted Saint and missionary that was an activist for the Indian’s human rights and against Spain’s military conquest of the â€Å"New World† (Briffault).However, Fuentes illustrated Bartolome in a different perspective; even though Bartolome tried to stop the obvious brutal treatment of the Indians by the Spaniards, he ultimately became the Spaniard’s â€Å"most useful tool† in an evolved attack to the Indian’s humanitarian values in a newly â€Å"disguised† method of slavery. We will write a custom essay sample on Perceptions of Bartolome de Las Casas or any similar topic only for you Order Now This was a very unique perspective because of the fact that after discussing and reading about him, Bartolome is largely perceived as a good Saint that brought about great awareness of the injustice of the Indians. So how could he contribute to the Crown’s corrupt rule over the land?As a result, in order to understand the true ultimate historical value of Bartolome de Las Casas, we will take an in-depth look into his life, what he believed, what he did for the Indians, and discuss the general opinion of Bartolome de Las Casas versus Fuentes impression of him. I will then prove that Bartolome de Las Casas did not impact the Indian community as beneficially as many people thought he did – and in fact, he indirectly and unintentionally contributed to the very image of the original corruption of both the private and public life in Spanish America. Bartolome de Las Casas was born in 1474 in Seville, Spain to Pedro de Las Casas who was a small business merchant. He immediately sent his son to The Academy at the Cathedral of Seville in 1497 for his education. As a missionary, in 1502 he leaves Spain with the Spanish governor, Nicolas de Ovanda, and his father to the â€Å"New World† to evangelize to the Indians. While he was there on the island of Hispaniola, he helped resolve a native revolt that rewarded him an encomienda (land and labor of the native population) where he always treated his workers humanely.In 1506, he then returns briefly to Europe to become ordained as a deacon in Rome. Eventually, in 1512, he becomes the first ordained priest in the New World. He began to be disturbed by Spanish abuses at the massacre of natives at Caonao, Cuba when he saw a stream of Indian blood running â€Å"as if cows had been killed. † Then, in 1514 while preparing his sermon for church, he read a scriptural passage that stated â€Å"Tainted are his gifts who offers in sacrifice ill-gotten goods! † which convicted Las Casas as an encomendero. He realized that his own property and goods were â€Å"ill-gotten and tainted†.With this conviction, he freed the Indians that he had in his encomienda and returned to Spain to begin a fight against the Spanish oppression of the native peoples. In 1516, Las Casas was appointed the â€Å"Protector of the Indians† by the archbishop of Toledo, Cardinal Jimenez de Cisneros, and began to devise a scheme to replace the encomienda system. This resulted in some success. He continued to travel back and forth across the Atlantic in his process to repeal the laws of the mistreatment and the rights of the oppressed Indians.He was able to get government officials to collaborate with this attempt to end the encomienda system because they feared that a new class of feudal lords would arise in the colonies. The Spanish colonists were outraged at his interference as Las Casas then set up a colony on the coast of Venezuela in 1520, where the native people would be treated humanely and in peace. However, this setting failed because their neighbor Spanish slave masters continued to harass the natives and the natives retaliated by killing their monks and torching their monasteries.This made a bad example of Las Casas’ ideal semblance that Spanish and free Indians could live at peace together. At this failure, Las Casas traveled to a Dominican monastery in Hispaniola in 1523 and became a monk for eleven years, studying theology and law, where he wrote his â€Å"Historia de las Indias†. This work illustrated his perception and account of the history of the Natives. Afterwards, beginning in 1534, he started to push forward legislative reforms that led to laws that prohibited further Indian slavery in 1542.However, these new laws were deemed unenforceable due to the Crown’s lack of control in the New World and the laws were repealed. Thus, the encomienda system was restored – in a more detrimental blow as they evolved into a new form, called the â€Å"hacienda system†. He later returned to Spain and brought about the â€Å"Great Debate of 1550†. At the Spanish capital of Valladolid, he went against the advocate for the colonists, Juan Gines de Sepulveda. It was about the justification of the war against the peoples of the New World.This debate was published as â€Å"En defensa de Los Indios†. It is unclear who won the debate, although there is some evidence that Las Casas persuaded most of the panel’s theologians, jurists, and Sepulveda. One thing for sure is that this was the first thorough modern debate on human rights in the history of the world. In the final years of his life, Las Casas continued to fight for the Indian’s rights and their justice in the Spanish courts until he died in Madrid, Spain in 1566 (Welch: 209-211, Uzgalis).Therefore, in history, Bartolome de Las Casas was a man largely viewed as a righteous priest and activist that spent his life aggressively pursuing and fighting for the rights and justice of brutally mistreated Native Americans. To further understand the man and what he stood for during his time of activism, we will discuss the principles and ideals that he believed in. You read "Perceptions of Bartolome de Las Casas" in category "Papers" He was a man that was first and foremost a Christian involved in missionary work to spread Christianity all over the world.He came to the ultimate stance that the only way of attracting all people to the â€Å"true faith† is through peaceful persuasion rather than armed conquest which he described in his writing â€Å"De Unico Vocationis Modo† (Welch: 210). He was against military conquest of the New World and believed that it was possible to convert the Indians to Christianity and that Spaniards could live with them in peace. He believed that the Indians had the â€Å"capacity† and the ability to receive the faith, and did not have to be forced. Also, he held a firm standpoint against any and all slavery systems such as the encomienda, repartimiento, and hacienda systems. He viewed these institutions as â€Å"more unjust and cruel than Pharaoh’s oppression of the Jews and deprived both masters and subjects of their freedom and their lives† (Fuentes: 131). These systems basically were designed to exploit Indian labor into quick riches and a right to land in the New World. It was considered by the conqueror to be his â€Å"just reward† from the Crown for his services at arms at his own expense during the original conquest.These systems as the â€Å"encomienda† were a formal grant of designated Indian families, usually living in the town(s) put in the hands of a Spanish colonist, thus receiving the title of â€Å"encomendero†. In turn, the encomendero was required to convert the Indians on his â€Å"property† to Christianity and hold a tight reign on his land in arms and order. An encom endero was not only allowed the right to own land, but to do whatever he saw â€Å"fit† for the land, such as deploying Indians in mines and agricultural tasks. This gave him political power in whatever established government there existed in the New World.The ironic aspect of this whole corruption, is that the Spanish Crown had little to do with it nor did they have much control due to the vast amount of land and large population of Indians and left it to the conquistadors to figure it out for themselves. This was the Crown’s best temporary solution to the settlers’ demands at the time. Subsequently, the Indians that lived in the lands of these systems had to be forced to work, more so as slavery, to provide food and gold for the Spaniards. They were overworked, mistreated, and dying in large numbers from diseases, rebellion, or suicide.The only difference between this slavery system and blunt Indian slavery was the manner in which they had been acquired, although they were being used in the same manner. Therefore, this brutality and mistreatment in this slavery system is what caused much-needed activism for the Indianâ€℠¢s human rights by Bartolome de Las Casas (Kramer: 1-2). Furthermore, Bartolome had much compassion on the Indians and did not view them as unworthy beings nor savages, but rather, they were very capable human beings that could possibly function in peace with Spanish society.He describes this beautiful ideal in his â€Å"Historia de Las Indias† (Beckjord: 87-88). He believed that there was a need to publicize and make awareness of the Indian’s abuse and exploitations during the conquest as portrayed in one of his most famous works, â€Å"The Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies† (Welch: 210). Thus, this attention was all part of his pursuit of justice and human rights for the Indians in his lifetime. Therefore, we have a better understanding of what he believes, and can see why he was so motivated to move swiftly and effectively for the Indians.Moreover, to understand the significance of such a pivotal character in history for Indian rights, we will discuss what he directly did for the Native Americans in his lifetime. First of all, he was quite the novelist in his day as he depicted his perception of the Indians as a beautiful and capable race in â€Å"Historia de Las Indias† in 1523. He also wrote †De Unico Vocationis Modo† in 1537 where he further proved his belief that the Indians can be converted to Christianity in a peaceful method rather than by brutal force.In addition, he wrote â€Å"The Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies† more formally, â€Å"Brevisima Relacion De La Destruccion de Las Indias† in 1540, which he narrated the mistreatment, abuse, and exploitation of the Indians under corrupt Spanish rule and the encomienda system. Last, in 1550, he took part of the first published modern debate on human rights – of the Indians, â€Å"En Defensa De Los Indios†, in which it brought forth the debate of the century. Most importantly, he briefly legally abolished encomienda systems in 1542 though it was largely ineffective to be enforced in the New World.Therefore, in his contributions, though primarily from the pulpit and the Spanish Courts, he desperately fought in compassion for the Indians for their h uman rights, justice, awareness, and restoration. After taking a look at his life, beliefs, and beneficence, Bartolome de Las Casas is a Saint that fought long and hard for the Indians (religiously and politically) and largely in part, viewed as a character that contributed to the good of the Indians from many texts, including the introductory text for the excerpt from â€Å"The Brief History of the Destruction of the Indies† (as read in class).However, Fuentes points out that Las Casas was used as the â€Å"Crown’s most useful tool† in an evolved attack to the Indian’s humanitarian values in other â€Å"disguised† methods of slavery (Fuentes: 134,136). This was a very unique perspective because of the fact that after discussing and reading about him, he was a good man doing great things for the Indians. So how could he contribute to the Crown’s corrupt rule over the land?Due to Bartolome’s great activism for Indian’s rights and against the encomienda system, the Spanish Crown was losing control of this advantageous corrupt system of slavery in the encomienda system. As a result, in silent fashion, the Crown sneakily developed a cleverly disguised alternative slavery system called a â€Å"hacienda†. This system was derived from the encomienda system, however, instead of focusing on labor, it’s real attention was toward the land because land was needed to increase the Spanish and mixed populations as the Indians decreased in number.This was assured through land grants given by the Spanish Crown to be purchased in multiple small amounts by the colonial rulers and then resold many times to their inha bitants until it developed into a huge, over-priced estate – for the colonial ruler to own it all. Since this land was â€Å"granted†, in other words, â€Å"loaned† to many people, Spaniards and Indians alike, gained huge debts and ties to their piece of the â€Å"colonial ruler’s† land as they tried to pay back their dues in crops and money. Where as before, in the encomienda system, it was through brutal labor and gold. However, this system was just as merciless because it was the basis for political corruption on which the economic system became firmly established in the New World. Having large estates of land became a form of substantial political power because colonial rulers were always rich since they always had their inhabitants owing them money. This system corrupted everyone, from the church to highly positioned politicians, because as many people could not pay off their over-priced land in their lifetime, their descendents were born into debt as well, thus creating a history of in-debted people to the land.And with the combination of the corruption and the decline of Spain’s economy (due to the Crown’s distance and inability to directly benefit from the colonies), the Crown stopped paying salaries to the colonial rulers. So they in response, found other means of income through very â€Å"shady proceedings† and scams that turned the local officials of the Crown into prov incial â€Å"caciques†, or political bosses. They created economic monopolies in their districts by combining their corruption with that of the local merchants on the land.The officials continued to receive their salaries by forcing cash advances onto the Indians. Since they couldn’t pay it back (they were already in debt), the Indians in return had to give up their crops at fixed prices. When the Indians failed to pay, their debt dramatically increased which has led to and developed the very image of the original corruption of both the private and public life in Latin America (Fuentes: 131-136).Therefore, even though Bartolome de Las Casas was a passionate activist for the Indians, he indirectly and unintentionally contributed to the corrupt image of Latin America. Because of his efforts to destroy the encomienda system, which was one of the Spanish Crown’s last and scarce form of control, they became desperate for their foreign rule. With no choice but to think innovatively – the hacienda system came to fruition. And as a result, this created a resurging history of an in-debted society to a corrupt system in Latin America.In conclusion, as we have taken an exclusive look at Bartolome de Las Casas’ life and contri butions to the Indians, we know that he was a good man that cared for and brought much awareness of the Indians mistreatment and exploitation in Latin American history. Though we cannot say that the Indians would be treated any better without his efforts in history, Fuentes makes a strong conclusion that Bartolome de Las Casas was used by the Crown to indirectly and unintentionally contribute to the corruption of Latin America due to the development of the hacienda system.Therefore, even though we cherish the hard sought-out fight that de Las Casas took part for the justice of the Indian people, the Spanish Crown ultimately won the battle of politics and corruption in Latin America despite Bartolome de Las Casas efforts. And this is one of the harsh realities that Fuentes portrays as one the â€Å"Buried Mirrors† of Latin America. Works Cited Beckjord, Sarah H. Territories of History: Humanism, Rhetoric, and the Historical Imagination in the Early Chronicles of Spanish America.University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007. Briffault, Herma. Devastation of the Indies: A Brief Account. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. Fuentes, Carlos. The Buried Mirror: Reflections on Spain and the New World. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1992. Kiefer, James E. â€Å"Biographical Sketches of the Memorable Christians of the Past: Bartolome de Las Casas, Missionary, Priest, Defender of the Oppressed 17 July 1566. † Computer Services Offered by the Society of Archbishop Justus. 9 Dec. 010 lt;http://justus. anglican. org/resources/bio/203. htmlgt; Kramer, Wendy. Encomienda Politics in Early Colonial Guatemala, 1524-1544. Boulder: Westview Press, 1994. Uzgalis, Bill. â€Å"Bartolome de Las Casas (1484-1566). † Great Voyages: the History of Western Philosophy from 1492-1776. Winter 1997. Dept. of Philosophy, Oregon State U. 9 Dec. 2010 lt;http://oregonstate. edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/las_casas. htmlgt; Welch, John R. Other Voices: Readings in Spanish Philosophy. Notre Dame: Notre Dame Press, 2010. How to cite Perceptions of Bartolome de Las Casas, Papers

Schumpeterian Trade-Off Essay Example Essay Example

Schumpeterian Trade-Off Essay Example Paper Schumpeterian Trade-Off Essay Introduction Antitrust laws or competition laws are a set of laws that are created to make monopolies or anti-competitive behavior illegal. This includes the interdiction of unfair business practices. Such laws are designed to protect business entities and consumers alike from individuals or organizations who seek nothing but to take advantage of unknowing defenseless individuals and would stop at virtually nothing to get what they want. Violators of the antitrust law come in many guises. They are mostly clever con artists disguised as business people who intend to defraud people of money.Joseph Schumpeter’s concept of competitionJoseph Schumpeter defined democracy as the instrument for â€Å"competition between leaders†. True enough, without democracy, industry players cannot freely put together new ideas that would affect change in the market and bring about healthy rivalry. As much as democracy is a privilege, there is a corresponding accountability. Business organizations are su bject to the business laws of the country where they operate in. As such, competition laws also vary from country to country. These laws are based upon economic principles that apply to and interconnect with the business laws. (Wikipedia, 2007)The Schumpeterian concept of competition is touted as the most conventional economic approach on the subject matter. Joseph Schumpeter characterizes competition as an operational procedure wherein organizations make their effort to subsist and/ or outlive each other, based on the principle that they carry on with their activities under the mandate of a collection of laws or rules that incessantly creates winners and losers (Araujo Jr., 1999).In this process, the main criteria that allows certain organizations to excel in their field and be at the forefront of the industry is the â€Å" introduction of informational asymmetries â€Å". Simply put, those who get ahead of the competition are those who are able to bring in changes to the industr y that affect the spending habits of the consumers. (Araujo Jr., 1999)According to Baumol (1990), three types of â€Å"entrepreneurial activities† that bring about â€Å"asymmetries† and may result in progress. These are technological innovation, rent seeking and organized crime. (Araujo Jr., 1999)Schumpeterian Competition policy and innovationIn their paper â€Å" Schumpeterian Competition and Antitrust policy in High-tech Markets â€Å", Michael Katz and Howard Shelanski claim that Schumpterian Competition contend that those who implement the antitrust laws will do better to uphold and support technological innovation by moderating their dependence on interim suggestions of product-market competition. (Katz Shelanski, 2006)Schumpeterian competition is based on the theory that when companies encounter competition, they strive to get more of the market share by offering higher quality products or offering more affordable prices than their competitors. This helps by making affordable, high quality products more available to consumers. Accordingly, antitrust or competition policy is intended as an avenue to support consumer welfare. (Katz Shelanski, 2006)The research and development efforts of rival companies bring about exciting, innovative and better products to the market and help trim down production costs . (Katz Shelanski, 2006)Competition policies protect against monopolies. Apart from this, competition encourages innovation. With competition, industry players are driven to make innovations in order to make their products and services more desirable, more marketable to the consumer. Competition among organizations may range from prices, product features to the quality of products and services.Competition versus innovationA certain extent of conflict involves the competition and innovation policies of economies. Joseph Schumpeter believes that competition would lead to stagnation and that monopoly should not be discounted altogether.In a study presented at the Conference on Competition and Industrial Dynamics, Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics, held in Skagen, Esben Sloth Andersen pointed out that according to Schumpeterian Competition there should be less emphasis on invariable or stagnant efficiency related to perfect competition. (Andersen, June 1997)Doing so would eradicate self-generating technological change. A better alternative would be to acknowledge that a certain degree of monopoly is essential to sustain the process of endogenous growth and development. (Andersen, June 1997)Initial antitrust cases indirectly mentioned the significance of innovation not accompanied by explanations as to how innovation would relate to competition. There was a gradual progression with regards to the role of competition in relation to innovation. Andersen cited that as early as 1916 Judge Learned Hand wrote â€Å"the consumer’s interest in the long run is quite different from an immediate fall in pricesâ €  and spoke of competition as a â€Å"proper stimulus to the maintenance of industrial advance.† Later in the 60s, courts would specifically articulate the need to consider that antitrust laws are intended to â€Å"protect and encourage progressiveness and innovation â€Å". By the 90s, innovation became an essential factor in evaluating mergers, to the point where an antitrust enforcement official claimed that, although price competition is a very important dynamic, maintaining competition for innovation is of almost equal footing. (Andersen, June 1997)Innovation in relation to CompetitionCompetition, for the most part takes place in the course of series of innovations. It does not happen by setting static prices or by output competition. Proponents of Schumpeterian Competition maintain that competition based on innovation sets the scene for a careful withdrawal from antitrust implementation.Organizations in innovation driven markets compete for transitory market supre macy by introducing new, significant advances in technology. Companies compete not for a market share concurrently but for the whole market. The crucial inference of the progressive competition for antitrust is that the most important factor that drives and translates into market performance is innovation and not sales and price margins. (Katz Shelanski, 2006)Joseph Schumpeter claims that incessant research and development endeavors lead to recurring trends of new technology. This usually leads to comprehensive modifications in product and market positions of suppliers. This is where Schumpeter came up with the concept of â€Å"creative destruction. According Schumpeter, the process of creative destruction, â€Å"strikes not at the margins of the profits and the outputs of the existing firms but at their foundations and their very lives.† The entrepreneurial quest to increase profits is the ingenious and vibrant force that transforms the structure of an organization from wi thin. The old system is made obsolete, and the new system is implemented. Under this principle, organizations belonging to such markets understand that they have to offer better products and services at more attractive terms in order to ensnare the market (Katz Shelanski, 2006)Integrating innovation into antitrust analysisShifting an organization’s focus from product markets towards considering investments in research and development are among the approaches that can be employed in integrating innovation into antitrust analysis. Richard Gilbert and Steven Sunshine came up with the concept of innovation markets to serve as a guideline to verify whether a merger is expected to lessen innovation. Innovation markets are guidelines that would check for overlapping research and development functions, consider alternative sources, assess whether the stepping up research and development efforts and spending the necessary resources towards such activities would affect R D after the merger. (Andersen, June 1997)Joseph Schumpeter cautions against examining the market in static terms. Schumpeter warned against the focus on static price and output competition, for fear that emphasis on the two factors distract from the more important which is innovation.(Katz Shelanski, 2006)Schumpeter maintains that other market factors such as sales and output may catapult a company way ahead of its rivals but this will not stay true in the long term if not carefully safeguarded. The means to safeguard this position of power is to continue innovation efforts. A company must not only compete with rivals in the industry but it should also try to outdo previous efforts everytime.Supporters of Schumpeterian competition contend that markets driven by innovation should have antitrust analysis concentrated on how processes such as mergers will affect an organization’s capacity to continue innovation efforts. Less time should be spent on market power, pricing and output generati on decisions. This is where conflicts arise. A merger between two companies may increase market prices at the onset but the consolidation of resources might increase the company’s capacity to bring about new product innovations. What may be seen as a negative incident at the start may lead to continuous success in the long run.Companies that intend to stay afloat for the long haul need to focus on efforts that will ensure long-term market dominance. Innovation is the key to long term success. This often comes with a hefty price. As such, decision makers should carefully weigh the factors that would affect their decisions. Some risks are worth taking. Efforts that are geared towards innovation may seem costly at first but will pay off in the long term. Apart from considering costs and market position, the capacity for innovation should be a major component in antitrust analysis. (Katz Shelanski, 2006)As the trend in the business world is gearing towards the rise of more innov ation-driven companies in the future, the connection between innovation and antitrust will continue to be significant in studies and discussions with regards to competition policy. Proponents of antitrust enforcement must face the challenge of enhancing their tools and procedures that would encourage technological innovation and advancement efforts. (Katz Shelanski, 2006) Schumpeterian Trade-Off Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Workplace Etiquette 101 Respect the Receptionist

Workplace Etiquette 101 Respect the Receptionist The Pollyannas of the world have no trouble being nice to just about everyone, but sometimes the rest of us have to prioritize the humans we have the capacity to treat with courtesy. Always prioritize being polite to the receptionist. Let me say it again.Always. Prioritize. Being. Polite. To. The. Receptionist.Otherwise you may find yourself frozen out, passed over, or otherwise barred from the gates of wherever you are trying to enter  that had the sense to hire someone to keep out the rabble.Soteris Phoraris over at CareerAddict has some more specific tips to motivate you to remember which side your paperwork is buttered on, to mix a metaphor.They Get it From EveryonePeople who dont know better assume that the person hired to be the first public point of contact is actually low on the totem pole. This means that the receptionist greeting you at the door may have already dealt with a dozen entitled, pushy, condescending clients or customers by the time you show up. If you arent po lite and gracious, they may let loose the backlog of exasperation theyve been storying up all day- and youll have only yourself to blame.They Are Probably Control FreaksThe thing about receptionists is they pretty much know everyone and have an integral role in every office process that exists. I was once temping in a fancy Connecticut town for a few months, and at first I assisted in various departments of the Town Hall- a few weeks of efficient filing and transcribing and they asked me to take over processing applications for and distributing parking permits. I had to learn the current system for processing applications for parking permits from the town receptionist. I thought I was being eager, respectful, and helpful, but she was so mortally offended that a kid was being brought in to assist that she took early retirement and quit, leaving me with approximately 2 hours of training and no experience whatsoever. I had to figure out all the filing systems shed built over the years by trial and error. It was not fun. Let receptionists have their systems, people. Find your place in the system, do not expect the system to adapt to you.They Could Be a Future CEOEven if they dont later decide to rise through the ranks, you never know when someone is working a day job to finance their career as a brilliant playwright or starving virtuoso. The person fielding your calls and passing along your messages today will probably remember you once shes climbed up the ladder- whether she thinks of you fondly or maintains a vengeance vision board in her corner office is really up to you.How You Treat Them Actually Says More About YouEver catch yourself taking out your own angst on a total stranger? Treating others lower in the hierarchy badly shows your own lack of self esteem. Just like waiters, dogs, and kids, how you treat people hired to provide service or creatures incapable of defending themselves is an indicator of your character. There are a few subway commuters I owe apologies to because they happened to be walking slowly or on the left, or stood in front of an empty seat. If Id thought they were possibly receptionists, I would have been more polite.The Receptionists Test: The Difference Between Hiring and Dont call us, well call you.Receptionists tend to have very close working relationships with their immediate supervisors, which could mean anything from middle management to  the CEO. If youre interviewing with a potential new employer and have an opportunity to be professional and friendly with the receptionist, TAKE IT. Odds are the hiring manager you met with is going to ask their assistant what they thought of you. They can say, He seemed really great or they can say, Are they casting an American Psycho reality show? Because that guy was the worst. The power is yours.PerksBest case scenario, your messages get through faster, you spend less time waiting for appointments, or you dont have to photocopy your own documents. Depending on the i ndustry, the office, and your relative position, being on good terms with a receptionist can have serious perks for your worklife. Learn their coffee order, take note of the communal candy, and remember pet/child/spouse names. You know, be a person. And this time maybe therell be something in it for you!Why You Should Be Kind to the ReceptionistRead More at www.careeraddict.com

WHEN TO WRITE FOR FREE

WHEN TO WRITE FOR FREE Anyone who has known me for very long, recalls that Im all about writing for money. And Im vehemently opposed to writing mills. Writing Mills = Sites known as Content Aggregators. They pay pennies. You earn based on quantity of articles, not quality. They always advertise for new writers (mainly because of the turnover once writers learn the deal). Granted, they are enticing. You dont really answer to an editor. You rarely get rejected. But those clips mean nothing in your portfolio. Why? Because people in the industry recognize writing mill work for what it is. Words thrown together to grab searches in hopes the people searching happen to click on the advertisements. However, blogs have changed everything. You write free on your own blog. You write free when you guest blog. You write free on major website blogs. Yes, there are a few blogs that pay, but most dont. Blogs can be opportunity, even though they do not pay much if at all.Just remember the rules. Write for free if you are breaking in to a well-known blog. Carol Tice is a freelance copywriter making a good living at it. Look at what shes published, and note that many of them are blog posts. caroltice.com/articles When a market is competitive, offer a sharp blog post for free, to get your foot in the door. Maybe even two, three,even ten posts. Get them used to you, then ask for compensation,or maybe even a regular gig. Write for free if you are breaking in to a magazine. Today many magazines have a sister blog. Pitch the editor of the blog. Your resume will still say you wrote for Family Circle(or fill in the mag name). And once they learn to love your posts, you can pitch to the print. Write for free if you are selling something else. Blog tours/virtual tours for books can generate income via book sales. Just make sure the post is good and a stand alone even if you didnt have a book. Or else write about a subject thats in the book, but dont hard-sell the book. Just show youre an expert in what you do. See? There are times to write for free. Just be smart about it. PAYING BLOG SITES bloggerjobs.biz/ makealivingwriting.com/why-i-pay-writers/ therenegadewriter.com/2012/06/21/the-renegade-writer-blog-is-now-paying-for-guest-posts/ http://readlearnwrite.com/guest-post/ http://jobs.problogger.net/

Article review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Review - Article Example ) â€Å"The goals of SOX were to enhance the transparency of financial information, reaffirm auditor independence, and define corporate governance – the responsibilities of corporate boards and audit committees†. The author has pointed out the advantages of Sarbanes act on the economy and young generation, as many of them are indulging in educating themselves on the aspects of this new law. However, one fact that distracts the reader is that, paragraphs are divided in to real small units. Moreover it can be realized that, the third paragraph is slightly complicated, which can turn the readers perplexed and confused. Many a times, readers can be of ordinary category and they can find theses sentences overwhelming or distracting. On the other hand, the best part is that, the third paragraph gives out statistical fact and figure by mentioning historical evidence on the financial security acts. In the third paragraph, there is also statement about the merits of the Sarbanes Act on the financial and investment sector Further, more proceeding into the later paragraph, it can be understood that the writer is projecting on the quality of PCAOB (Public Companies Accounting Oversight Board) in giving organizations an opportunity in securing their investment and financial transaction processes. It is stated in the article that, PCAOB will establish quality control in auditing, maintain ethical independence and standards in a registered public accounting firms. Moreover, the authenticating nature of PCAOB is revealed in the article, where in it shows how the accounting firms, media and press consider the above listed act. Another highlight of the PCAOB is detailed as its ability to give employment opportunity to people in information technology field. According to (Rosavich)â€Å" Documenting internal control involved a thorough review of systems and also meant additional employment opportunities for information technology professionals†. The writer had presented the

Brief Case Studies - Week 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brief Case Studies - Week 7 - Essay Example They are listed in different stock exchanges of the world as well. Under such circumstances, it becomes quite complicated as well as costly to prepare the financial statements under different reporting requirements. IFRS issued by IASB provides the treatment of fair value accounting of property, plant and equipment which is currently not supported US GAAP issued by FASB. However, with the increasing adoption of IFRS, it is very likely that US GAAP will also add the similar treatment for fair value accounting of Property, Plant and Equipment. b) Fair value accounting has the biggest disadvantage of valuing property, plant and equipment on the basis of subjectivity. When measuring fair values of the property, plant and equipment, several subjective assumptions are taken by the evaluators which pose question marks upon the objective approach towards financial statements. Thus, the financial statements become less attractive to be compared with other financial statements of other entitie s due to lack of objectivity element. c) The fair value accounting for property, plant and equipment has the similarity with that of investment accounting. Under both types of accounting, if the fair values of the asset are increased, then stockholders’ equity is also increased directly such that it has no impact on the net profit of the entity. However, in case of decrease of the fair value of property, plant and equipment, and investment, the amount of decrease is expensed out in the income statement which directly decreases the profitability of the entity. After that the decreased amount of net profit is credited to stockholder’s equity. This mechanism is set out in order to apply the principle of conservatism which states that the entity should not anticipate any profits but it must anticipate all the losses. The fair value accounting for property, plant and equipment and investment accounting consider this principle as the unrealized gains are credited directly to equity whereas unrealized losses are charged as an expense in the income statement thus reducing the profitability of the entity. Analysis of Statement of Cash Flows (Case 16-3) a) 1. As far as depreciation is concerned, it is an item of non-cash expense. To make it very clear, it is not a cash flow. However, the reason behind including depreciation in cash flow statements is the elimination of effect of depreciation from calculating net cash flow increased or decreased. In order to arrive at the corrected figure of cash flows, the depreciation amount needs to be added in the net profit as it was deducted previously when calculating net income in the income statement. Since it is a non-cash expense, therefore, it does not decrease the cash flows. Because of this, it is added in the cash flow statement in order to provide the correct amount of cash flows. 2. Even though share issued for acquiring land is not a cash transaction, however, the substance of this transaction is based on share. If the company is going to buy back these shares, it would have to complete this transaction by providing consideration in cash. Under existing scenario, cash is not directly involved, but a significant investment is made, therefore, this transaction is shown as a separate schedule in the cash flow statement and not included in the mainstream working of calculation of cash flows. 3. Gain on sale of investment is also non-cash income therefore its treatment is similar to that of depreciation. Since the amount

Indigenous Children in America and Education: Child Rights

Indigenous Children in America and Education: Child Rights Valeria Lozano Hernà ¡ndez. For starters, the meaning of indigenous people, for the UN, is the native people that lived in a place before someone else, and according to the Instituto Nacional de Estadà ­stica y Geografà ­a (INEGI, 2010) an indigenous person is defined by the language they speak, which takes out the others aspects, like identifying as indigenous, or having indigenous ancestors. The article 2 of the Mexican Constitution states that indigenous people have the right to self-determination, and the recognition of indigenous people and communities is on the constitutions and laws of the federative entities; and also indigenous people can decide on their owns economic, cultural, social and political organizations; tolerating their individual guarantees, human rights and the dignity and integrity of the womens (Secretarà ­a de Gobernacià ³n, 1917). For the sake of this essay, the meaning of indigenous is someone that identifies as one, that speaks one native language, has indigenous ancestors, and, as Martà ­nez Cobo said (1981, in United Nations, 2013) the determination to preserve, develop and transmit to futures generations their territories and ethnic identity. The amount of indigenous people in America has a high number, between North America, Central America and South America; there is approximately 552 indigenous groups across Latin America (UNICEF, 2016) and 39 million indigenous people in the continent (Programa Mà ©xico Nacià ³n Multicultural de la Universidad Autà ³noma de Mà ©xico, 2014). To talk about indigenous people in the continent its necessary to talk about the beginnings, for example, the Conquest of America, a lot of indigenous traditions were washed away, and America became a continent full of diversity, integrated by mixed culture, races and traditions. The indigenous were mistreated by the colonizers, either they were treated as slaves or killed, only a few could survive, but still, a lot of their traditions were erased or adapted to the new system. So thats the history of how indigenous became a vulnerable group. The countries that will be discussed in this essay are USA, Canada, Mà ©xico, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Chile, Argentina and Latin America as a whole. The topic of discussion is about indigenous children living in America, in terms of education, and how education is related to human rights bodies. Human Rights Bodies Human rights, to me, its a parameter that protects and enhance the human life qualities, also all humans are born equal and free, so all humans are entitled to have human rights. According to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), human rights are: Inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible (OHCHR, 1948). I will use the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Political Constitution of Mexico, the American Convention on Human Rights, the Declaration of the United Nations on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child as the human rights bodies and references. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the most important document in terms of Human Rights, was created right after the end of World War II, on December 10th 1948, and a grand majority of the countries in the world signed the document. The background of the declaration was modelled on a few older documents, like the Habeas Corpus Act of England, the Magna Carta, the Declaration of Independence of USA, and the Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen of France. The reason this document was created was so that the whole world had the same rights for the simple fact of being human, and since then, the declaration has been the most important declaration of Human Rights in the Planet, but still, a lot of countries dont follow their procedures or respect the rights stated in there. Education Education is very important, but unfortunately not every country has the priority to educate the people that lives in there. Not only education provides people with general knowledge, it also improves people skills and attitudes to guide and control many of their vital circumstances. It also provides a set of values, customs, traditions and norms (Perrenoud, 1996). Schools also educates about the moral and ethical norms, emotions, social and cultural diversity. Entering a school is not the hard part for the indigenous children, the hardest part is staying in there, according to Magaly Domà ­nguez Là ³pez (Rubio-Campos, 2014), an educator for a civil organization that works with child workers, manifested that indigenous kids in San Cristà ³bal de las Casas, Mà ©xico that the entry and permanence in schools gets difficult because of: Economics reasons, such as work over education, even if the schools are free, they still have to pay for the uniforms, school supplies, which makes it expensive. Gender inequality, its preferred that male kids study till middle school and the female kids to primary school, because its expected that girls should get married and stay at home. Generational gap, the kids get through their parents educational levels and theres no more educational escort, they don ´t know how to help them. Birth registry, not every kid is in the civil registration, so legally they dont exist, they cant go to school and also deprives the kids of other rights, such as the right to an identity. Language, schools in San Cristà ³bal de las Casas, teach in Spanish, and the grand majority speaks an indigenous lingo called tzotzil, so that causes troubles when it comes to learning and permanence in schools. For the mazahuas, also a Mexican native group, the child receives an education that makes him a member of his community and the community is obliged to provide him with a status in his structure and a place in the location of the resources (Robles, 2012). The article 19, The rights of the Child on the American Convention on Human Rights (1969), states that every minor child has the right to the measures of protection required by his condition as a minor on the part of his family, society and the state. Also, in Nicaragua, there is an educational lag, because the indigenous society faces more socioeconomics problems in comparison with the Nicaraguan population (Yoshioka Esparza, 2009) which makes me think, why there is such a big difference between the non-indigenous kids and the indigenous kids, and the reason behind that is that during the colonization of America, indigenous and black people were slaves, and were considered to be beneath the other population, like the half-blooded and nobles; so education wasn ´t a thing for them, because they were not allowed to have one, this problem has persecuted the indigenous until this day, when their governments dont help them with the education, and schools taught in other language that its not the first to them. In the same article, the author mentions that the mother education is a big factor regarding the life expectancy of their childrens and education, because shes the one that makes the decision about school. In Canada and the United State of America, the native people accentuate in community life, cooperation, collaboration and learning based on direct experience and participation in group activities (Pewewardy in Schugurensky, 2015). It is important that the kids feel part of the community, so in their early childhood they are taught and they are encouraged to get involved in community activities, learning thru the interaction between other kids and nature, helping the adults with work and community activities (Schuguresky, 2015). So that talks about on how the kids get involved and they feel theyre part of the community and theyre worth it, giving them a high sense of self-esteem, and also the work to keep their traditions, values and customs, by working with the community and other kids. Also in the USA and Canada, they were trying to educate childrens and teenagers how to eat, because of the country amount of people with overweight and obese people, but it wasnt successful (Araujo, Moraga, Chapman, Barreto Illanes, 2016); so in Central and South America, they are indigenous childrens starving and in North America, theyre too fat, which I found it sad, the contrast between countries and lifestyles. In Latin America, indigenous childrens school enrolment and the quality of the education has been improved over the last two decades, but still there is a lot of desertion and truancy in kids and teenagers, but mostly in the female population, and this population, after they get married, is the one that stays at home with the kids, so the people that is best educated in terms of health and nutrition take better care of themselves and their families, but because a high number of mothers are illiterate, a consequence of this is that their kids suffer from undernourishment. Other of the consequences of this, is that indigenous kids, in comparison with the rest of the population, have a higher risk of child mortality, poverty, malnutrition and hunger (Jimà ©nez-Benftez, Rodrà ­guez-Martà ­n Jimà ©nez-Rodrà ­guez, 2010). In Chile, with the mapuches, education means cultural knowledge and school knowledge, but also implies the recognition of the importance of social and emotional norms that can differ with their culture in the intercultural relations (Riquelme, Quilaqueo, Quintriqueo Loncà ³n, 2016). In relation with the Convention on the Rights of the Child, article 28, in which, the first statement talks about free education, and being careful with the attendance at schools, but in Mexico, is not like that, first of all, education it is free, but for all public schools is mandatory to wear an uniform, and if the students don ´t have the money to buy an uniform, they cannot enter the school until they get an uniform, so that violates their right to a free education, and the government does have a financial assistance, they give scholarships to the children to keep studying, but a lot of those childrens uses the money for stuff that are not school related or either his parents spend the money in other things. A lot of the children in Mexico, leave secondary school because sometimes the only title they need for work is a primary school diploma, so that encourage teenagers and kids to leave school. I, once met a ten year old indigenous kid that worked delivering food in his county, he had left school when he was eight because his mother told him so, and that education wasn ´t important. Also the fact that they teach in other language, so many of the children dont understand what the teachers say. The 7th article of La Ley General de Educacià ³n says that every native speaker will have an access to an education in spanish and in their own language (SEGOB, 2013). In Mà ©xico, education is a fundamental rights, and the 3rd article of the Mexican Constitution states that every person has the right to receive an education, and the state will provide free preschool, elementary, middle and high school, and that its required to have an education, so if the constitution says so, why theres a lot of kids dropping out of schools? Other fact that is being violated is section (e) of the 28th article on the childrens rights, the necessary measures are being taken, but none of them ensures the motivation for children to continue to study in schools, they rather leave school to start working and make money to give to their families. Regarding the section 3 of article 28th, of promoting education and the elimination of ignorance and illiteracy, theres a hole in there, Latin America has 40 million illiterates according to the Sistema de Informacià ³n de Tendencias Educativas en Amà ©rica Latina (2013), so children leaving school at such young age concludes in a lot of illiterate adults. Other articles that talk about education, like the article 29 in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), and its very similar to article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), in which both establish that everyone has the right to education, education shall be free and directed to develop the childs personality, talents and mental and physical abilities to their fullest potential, and the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and promoting understanding, tolerance, friendship, respect for their own cultural identity, language and values. These articles talk about free education and not leaving aside the ethnicity and identity of children, but as already mentioned, schools only teach in the official language of the country and not in the native indigenous language, in addition in Chile, children are taught that there are more cultures and that they must learn about interculturality and other parts of the general culture of their country that differ with their culture, which is the opposite of what the previously mentioned articles affirm, these articles say that children will be taught to respect their own culture, but not wanting to teach about it in schools, to me, that sounds like the culture of the non-indigenous people in Chile its more important than the indigenous. As mentioned above in Latin America, education has improved and there is more school attendance by indigenous people, but there are many women who leave school because its a cultural thing, because in many cultures women must stay at home and take care of children and the home, and many of them start from childhood and that makes me think, because it is something cultural, should we respect their decision to leave school, or we should we do something for women to attend school? I know that is very important to respect the culture of the indigenous people, but education is also a very important issue, and more because in Latin America there are so many illiterate. In Argentina, according to an interview with Gabriela Novaro by Kelly Russo (2016), for indigenous kids or indigenous immigrants, they have to quit their indigenous heritage, so they can be someone new, ceasing to be what they are for real and become something else. Sometimes, they think of indigenous people as only traditional knowledge, they stereotype them, and they dont realize that they can add tradition or folklore in schools. So that means that kids get to study but they have to forget everything about their own identities. Other social issue regarding education, is kids dropping out of schools to start to work, abusing the article 32 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The article 14 of the Declaration of the United Nations on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, states that all the children have the right to all levels and forms of education with no discrimination, and the indigenous people have the right to control all about their education, like systems and institutions and providing education in their own language (UN, 2007). Which makes sense to me, because theyre trying to keep the traditions and at the same time integrate the indigenous people. Conclusions To me, indigenous people are very important, Ive been working with them for years, I did four years of volunteer work with indigenous purà ©pechas children, and to have this kind of interaction with them, I could see how their organizations worked, which were their traditions, but at the same time I had the opportunity to see the bad stuff that happen with indigenous, the kids do attend school, but a lot of them told me that the teachers sometimes didnt showed up to the classes, or that they didnt do anything for days, but the vast majority of the kids that I met, they loved going to school, and the idea to go to college and became a teacher or doctor. It is an alarming fact that kids dont go to school because its expensive, or because they have to work to help with their family income, or because they dont understand what the teachers are saying in class, when supposedly they should have the classes in their own native language. Its alarming to me how a whole continent can have all of this problems, when a big part of the population is indigenous or native, they were there first, and now were washing or ignoring their traditions and costums. Still, education has improved the last few years, which is a good thing, but there is still a long way to get better education for indigenous children. So I guess to improve this, the governments of the countries should help the children with the materials and uniforms for the school, and Human Rights bodies and organizations should keep an eye to this. Also, I found very important to have an inclusive education, that every school should teach about indigenous heritage and traditions, I know that its hard because theres a lot of indigenous groups across the continent, but at least we can acknowledge them in school. The document about indigenous people written by the United Nations, has a lot of similar articles to the 2nd article of the Mexican Constitution, in which, both states, that indigenous people are free to educate their children the way they want it, which makes me think, in how that could be a better option, because their families will taught them about traditions, values and community life, without leaving behind everything that represents them, and in school, they leave behind that, I mean, its a conflict of interest, because we want them to have a normal public education, but we leave behind everything that they are, and if they leave everything theyre behind, they will become part of the society, but they will lose all that heritage and traditions. Its nothing new to talk about child obesity in the USA, kids learn from their parents; Ive been in the USA many times, and Ive seen how the americans eat, they have this fast-food culture, and the kids pick up that culture, theres a lot of children in the USA dealing with diabetes, and that has a lot to do with education, because parents and schools are teaching their childrens how to eat; and the nutrition of the kids is very important, because it can have a lot of repercussions in their health in their adult life.

Thinking in Early Adulthood-Post formal Stage

From the standpoint of developmental psychology, there have been several different sets of theories regarding the process of thinking in early adulthood. While the majority of sources hold consensus that the development of thought processes within human beings is complete in adolescence, there are also theories that a stage of cognitive development lies beyond the conventional wisdom to include what is commonly referred to as a post formal stage, which, simply put, involves the human mind processing thought beyond logic and being able to critically analyze, evaluate various options, and choose an option based upon analysis (Arack).In this essay, the question of whether or not the post formal stage exists will be answered. To begin, an irony occurred to the researcher in the consideration of the answer to this question itself, and that irony is the fact that in order to be able to answer the question, the ability to analyze various pieces of information on their merit and develop an o pinion/answer to this question seems to indicate the existence of post formal stages in itself.If everything past adolescence was acted upon based on what was formed in the mind up to the time of adolescence, it is doubtful that this essay would have much substance at all. Going beyond the theoretical, however, the researcher will now justify the assertion that post formal exists. The very essence of the human experience indicates that post formal is something that plays a vital role in human development, from birth to adulthood and into old age.This is evidenced by the fact that many people find themselves changing their opinions on a virtually endless number of topics and situations as their life experience increases, outwardly defeating the idea that we are on a sort of psychological auto-pilot once adulthood approaches and that the mind at that point is merely a clearinghouse for thoughts, with no ability to change thought processes.Another key consideration and evidence of post formal existence are the many examples of people who learn skills and pursue additional education late in life, which would be impossible if the mind were not able to embrace new ideas and information, referred to by those who are advocates of the existence of post formal as â€Å"shifting gears† (Arack). In closing, both from the standpoints of example and academic research, there is sufficient evidence to support the existence of post formal stages. While many of the complexities of the human mind may never be understood, this seems to be something that can be objectively proven.